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Common Problems

Design Instagram

Scaling Reads

Managing Long Running Tasks

Handling Large Blobs

ByEvan King·Published ·

hard

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Understanding the Problem

📸 What is Instagram? Instagram is a social media platform primarily focused on visual content, allowing users to share photos and videos with their followers.

Designing Instagram is one of the most common system design interview questions asked not just at Meta, but across all FAANG and FAANG-adjacent companies. It has a lot of similarities with our breakdowns of FB News Feed and Dropbox, but given the popularity and demand, we decided this warranted its own breakdown.

Functional Requirements

Core Requirements

Users should be able to create posts featuring photos, videos, and a simple caption.
Users should be able to follow other users.
Users should be able to see a chronological feed of posts from the users they follow.

Below the line (out of scope):

Users should be able to like and comment on posts.
Users should be able to search for users, hashtags, or locations.
Users should be able to create and view stories (ephemeral content).
Users should be able to go live (real-time video streaming).

Non-Functional Requirements

If you're someone who often struggles to come up with your non-functional requirements, take a look at this list of common non-functional requirements that should be considered. Just remember, most systems are all these things (fault tolerant, scalable, etc) but your goal is to identify the unique characteristics that make this system challenging or unique.

Before defining your non-functional requirements in an interview, it's wise to inquire about the scale of the system as this will have a meaningful impact on your design. In this case, we'll be looking at a system with 500M DAU with 100M posts per day.

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Common Problems

Design Instagram

Try This Problem Yourself

Understanding the Problem

Functional Requirements

Non-Functional Requirements

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Common Problems

Design Instagram

Try This Problem Yourself

Understanding the Problem

Functional Requirements

Non-Functional Requirements

The Set Up

Defining the Core Entities

API or System Interface

High-Level Design

1) Users should be able to create posts featuring photos, videos, and a simple caption

2) Users should be able to follow other users

3) Users should be able to see a chronological feed of posts from the users they follow

Potential Deep Dives

1) The system should deliver feed content with low latency (< 500ms )

2) The system should render photos and videos instantly, supporting photos up to 8mb and videos up to 4GB

3) The system should be scalable to support 500M DAU

What is Expected at Each Level?

Mid-level

Senior

Staff+

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